What is Karl Ziegler birthday?

Karl Ziegler was born at 1898-11-26

When was Karl Ziegler died?

Karl Ziegler was died at 1973-08-12

Which age was Karl Ziegler died?

Karl Ziegler was died at age 74

Where is Karl Ziegler's birth place?

Karl Ziegler was born in November 26, 1898, Helsa, Germany

What is Karl Ziegler nationalities?

Karl Ziegler's nationalities is German

What is Karl Ziegler's inventions/discoveries?

Ziegler–Natta Catalyst was invented (or discovered) by Karl Ziegler

How famous is Karl Ziegler?

Karl Ziegler is famouse as Chemist

Karl Ziegler - Chemists, Family and Personal Life

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German Scientists Chemists Sagittarius Celebrities

Karl Ziegler's Personal Details

Karl Waldemar Ziegler was a German Chemist who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Information	Detail
Birthday	November 26, 1898
Died on	August 12, 1973
Nationality	German
Famous	Scientists, Chemists
Discoveries / Inventions	Ziegler–Natta Catalyst
Birth Place	November 26, 1898, Helsa, Germany
Gender	Male
Sun Sign	Sagittarius
Born in	November 26, 1898, Helsa, Germany
Famous as	Chemist
Died at Age	74

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Who is Karl Ziegler?

Karl Waldemar Ziegler was a German Chemist, who, along with Giulio Natta, won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Chemistry; the duo was the awarded the Nobel Prize for their work on polymers. Born in Marburg, Karl Ziegler became interested in science early in his life and very soon began to read books beyond the school curricula. By the time he was old enough to enter the University of Marburg his knowledge on the subject became so extensive that he was allowed to skip two semesters. After earning his PhD in chemistry from the University of Marburg, he began his career as a Privatdozent at the same university. Within a short time he shifted first to the University of Frankfurt am Main and then to the University of Heidelberg and finally to the University of Halle. However, when the Second World War set in, carrying on fundamental research became difficult. Therefore, when he was offered the post of the Director at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute for Coal Research in Mülheim an der Ruhr, he took it up, but on his own terms. It was at Mülheim that he did his Nobel Prize winning work on syntheses of polyethylene. He also made many other discoveries, which not only earned him a great fame, but also a number of patents and consequently, considerable wealth.

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Childhood & Early Life

Karl Ziegler was born on November 26, 1898, in Kassel, Germany, as the second son of Karl Ziegler, a Lutheran minister, and Caroline Helene Louise, née Rall.

Karl started his education at the Kassel-Bettenhausen elementary school in Helsa. In 1910, the family moved to Marburg and there he was admitted to the Real gymnasium.

While studying there, he came across an introductory textbook on physics. On reading it, he became very enthusiastic about science and began to read books outside his curriculum. He also started conducting experiments at home.

He was also encouraged in this by his father’s friends, many of whom were professors from the University of Marburg. By the time Karl reached his final year of the high school, he had gathered extensive knowledge in science and received the most outstanding student award.

In 1916, after passing out from school, Karl joined the University of Marburg with chemistry. However, because of his wide-ranging knowledge in the subject he was allowed to skip the first two semesters.

His college education was interrupted for a brief period when in 1918 he was inducted in the German army and deployed at the front to fight in the First World War. Fortunately, the war ended in the same year and he came back to resume his studies.

In 1919, he began his graduation work under Karl von Auwers; receiving his PhD in chemistry in 1920. His dissertation was titled ‘Studies on semibenzole and related links’.

He continued to work with Karl von Auwers at the University of Marburg. While doing his doctoral work, he had established that halochromic salts could be made from carbinols. Now, he began to synthesize similarly substituted free radicals and successfully prepared 1,2,4,5-tetraphenylallyl. The paper, submitted in 1923, qualified him as Privatdozent.

Career

In December 1923, Karl Ziegler became Privatdozent at the University of Marburg. At the same time, he continued his research work on free radicals with Karl von Auwers.

In 1925, he shifted to University of Frankfurt am Main, remaining there until 1926. Sometime in 1925, he also prepared pentaphenyl-cyclopentadienyl. The compound was more stable than tri-valent carbon free radicals, such as triphenylmethyl.

In 1926, Ziegler joined the University of Heidelberg as an assistant professor, remaining there till 1936. Here he started his experiments on carbon compounds, investigating into the stability of radicals on trivalent carbons. The work led him to study organometallic chemistry.

In 1927, he became a full professor at the University of Heidelberg. This was also the year when he found that when the olefin stilbene was added to an ethyl ether solution of phenylisopropyl potassium, the color changes from red to yellow abruptly.

Working on it, he also found that if more olefinic hydrocarbon butadiene was added to a solution of phenylisopropyl potassium a long-chain hydrocarbon can be obtained with the reactive organopotassium end still intact.

In 1930, Ziegler directly synthesized lithium alkyls and aryls from metallic lithium and halogenated hydrocarbons. Next in 1933, he published his first major paper on the syntheses of multi-membered ring systems. Titled, ‘Vielgliedrige Ringsysteme, it presented the fundamentals for the Ruggli-Ziegler dilution principle.

In 1936, he left Heidelberg and became a visiting professor at the University of Chicago for a short period. Later in the same year, he was appointed as the full professor and director of the Chemical Institute at the University of Halle.

Here he continued studying alkali organic compounds, free radicals, polymerization mechanisms, and ring syntheses. However, as the World War II set in 1939, the political as well as economic situation of the country became such that it became very difficult to carry on fundamental research.

In 1943, he was asked to succeed Franz Fischer as the Director of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut fur Kohlenforschung (Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute for Coal Research) in Mülheim an der Ruhr. He accepted the offer on two conditions.

His first condition was that other than coal he should be allowed to work on all kinds of carbon compounds and the second condition was that he should be allowed to keep patent rights and royalties on new inventions. However, his family continued to reside at Halle.

From 1943 to 1945, Ziegler kept on commuting between Halle and Mülheim, simultaneously shouldering both the responsibilities. Later, as the war drew to an end and the Russian army began to move towards Halle, he shifted permanently to Mülheim.

In this post year period, the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute was renamed as Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung (Max Planck Institute for Coal Research). Now his main work was to restore the chemical research in Germany. Concurrently, he also continued his own research work and made some major discoveries.

Concurrently, in 1949, he also helped to establish Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (German Chemical Society) and served as its president for five years.

From 1954 to 1957, he served as President of Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mineralölwissenschaft und Kohlechemie (German Society for Petroleum Science and Coal Chemistry).

He retired from Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung in 1969.

Major Works

He was intsrumental in expanding the scientific knowledge of and the technical development of new synthetic materials. His work on organometallic compounds which led to new polymerization reactions paved the way for new and highly useful industrial processes.

Awards & Achievements

In 1963, Ziegler received the Nobel Prize in Chemitry for his “discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers. He shared the prize with Giulio Natta, who had used Ziegler’s techniques to produce first isotactic polypropylene.

In addition to that, he had received several other medals and prizes, among which, Liebig Medal (1935), War Merit Cross 2nd Class (1940) and Werner von Siemens Ring (1961) were most significant.

In 1971, he became a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (England).

Personal Life & Legacy

In 1922, Karl Ziegler married Maria Kurtz. They had two children. His son, Erhart Ziegler, was a physicist and patent attorney. His daughter, Marianna Ziegler Witte, was a doctor of medicine.

Ziegler owned many patents, which made him very rich. Using part of his wealth (40 million deutsche marks), he later set up the Ziegler Fund with the aim of supporting the institute's research

He was also a collector of art and liked travelling around. He especially liked going on cruising.

In 1972, he chartered a cruise and went on eclipse viewing. He became ill on this trip and died a year later on August 12, 1973 in Mülheim, Germany.

Today, a number of scientific processes bear his name. Among them, Ziegler–Natta catalyst, Ziegler process, Wohl–Ziegler bromination and Thorpe–Ziegler reaction are most significant.

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Karl Ziegler's awards

Year	Name	Award
Other
0	Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Karl Ziegler biography timelines

// 26th Nov 1898
Karl Ziegler was born on November 26, 1898, in Kassel, Germany, as the second son of Karl Ziegler, a Lutheran minister, and Caroline Helene Louise, née Rall.
// 1910
Karl started his education at the Kassel-Bettenhausen elementary school in Helsa. In 1910, the family moved to Marburg and there he was admitted to the Real gymnasium.
// 1916
In 1916, after passing out from school, Karl joined the University of Marburg with chemistry. However, because of his wide-ranging knowledge in the subject he was allowed to skip the first two semesters.
// 1918
His college education was interrupted for a brief period when in 1918 he was inducted in the German army and deployed at the front to fight in the First World War. Fortunately, the war ended in the same year and he came back to resume his studies.
// 1919 To 1920
In 1919, he began his graduation work under Karl von Auwers; receiving his PhD in chemistry in 1920. His dissertation was titled ‘Studies on semibenzole and related links’.
// 1922
In 1922, Karl Ziegler married Maria Kurtz. They had two children. His son, Erhart Ziegler, was a physicist and patent attorney. His daughter, Marianna Ziegler Witte, was a doctor of medicine.
// 1923
He continued to work with Karl von Auwers at the University of Marburg. While doing his doctoral work, he had established that halochromic salts could be made from carbinols. Now, he began to synthesize similarly substituted free radicals and successfully prepared 1,2,4,5-tetraphenylallyl. The paper, submitted in 1923, qualified him as Privatdozent.
// Dec 1923
In December 1923, Karl Ziegler became Privatdozent at the University of Marburg. At the same time, he continued his research work on free radicals with Karl von Auwers.
// 1926 To 1936
In 1926, Ziegler joined the University of Heidelberg as an assistant professor, remaining there till 1936. Here he started his experiments on carbon compounds, investigating into the stability of radicals on trivalent carbons. The work led him to study organometallic chemistry.
// 1927
In 1927, he became a full professor at the University of Heidelberg. This was also the year when he found that when the olefin stilbene was added to an ethyl ether solution of phenylisopropyl potassium, the color changes from red to yellow abruptly.
// 1930 To 1933
In 1930, Ziegler directly synthesized lithium alkyls and aryls from metallic lithium and halogenated hydrocarbons. Next in 1933, he published his first major paper on the syntheses of multi-membered ring systems. Titled, ‘Vielgliedrige Ringsysteme, it presented the fundamentals for the Ruggli-Ziegler dilution principle.
// 1936
In 1936, he left Heidelberg and became a visiting professor at the University of Chicago for a short period. Later in the same year, he was appointed as the full professor and director of the Chemical Institute at the University of Halle.
// 1939
Here he continued studying alkali organic compounds, free radicals, polymerization mechanisms, and ring syntheses. However, as the World War II set in 1939, the political as well as economic situation of the country became such that it became very difficult to carry on fundamental research.
// 1943
In 1943, he was asked to succeed Franz Fischer as the Director of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut fur Kohlenforschung (Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute for Coal Research) in Mülheim an der Ruhr. He accepted the offer on two conditions.
// 1943 To 1945
From 1943 to 1945, Ziegler kept on commuting between Halle and Mülheim, simultaneously shouldering both the responsibilities. Later, as the war drew to an end and the Russian army began to move towards Halle, he shifted permanently to Mülheim.
// 1949
Concurrently, in 1949, he also helped to establish Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (German Chemical Society) and served as its president for five years.
// 1954 To 1957
From 1954 to 1957, he served as President of Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mineralölwissenschaft und Kohlechemie (German Society for Petroleum Science and Coal Chemistry).
// 1963
In 1963, Ziegler received the Nobel Prize in Chemitry for his “discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers. He shared the prize with Giulio Natta, who had used Ziegler’s techniques to produce first isotactic polypropylene.
// 1969
He retired from Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung in 1969.
// 1971
In 1971, he became a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (England).
// 1972 To 12th Aug 1973
In 1972, he chartered a cruise and went on eclipse viewing. He became ill on this trip and died a year later on August 12, 1973 in Mülheim, Germany.

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Karl Ziegler's FAQ

What is Karl Ziegler birthday?
Karl Ziegler was born at 1898-11-26
When was Karl Ziegler died?
Karl Ziegler was died at 1973-08-12
Which age was Karl Ziegler died?
Karl Ziegler was died at age 74
Where is Karl Ziegler's birth place?
Karl Ziegler was born in November 26, 1898, Helsa, Germany
What is Karl Ziegler nationalities?
Karl Ziegler's nationalities is German
What is Karl Ziegler's inventions/discoveries?
Ziegler–Natta Catalyst was invented (or discovered) by Karl Ziegler
What is Karl Ziegler's sun sign?
Karl Ziegler is Sagittarius
How famous is Karl Ziegler?
Karl Ziegler is famouse as Chemist

Karl Ziegler - Chemists, Family and Personal Life