Thales

There is a contradiction about Thales’ marital status. According one source, Thales never got married. When he was younger, he used to say that it was too early to get married, later reversing his statement to say that it was too late. For a family, he adopted his nephew Cybisthus.

According to some other sources, Thales did get married, fathering Cybisthus. But it does not seem to be true. According to Plutarch, when Solon, on a visit to Thales, asked him why he did not get married Thales told him that he did not want to worry about raising children.

According to the chronicle of Apollodorus of Athens, Thales suffered a heat stroke while he was watching the 58th Olympiad (548–545 BC) and died from it at the age 78.

According to Apollodorus of Athens, a Greek scholar belonging to the 2nd century BCE, Thales was born in 624 BCE in the ancient Greek city of Miletus, located on western coast of Anatolia near the mouth of the River Maeander. Presently, it falls under the Aydın Province of Turkey.

Although the date has been corroborated by current historians, who place the year of his birth in the middle of 620s BCE, there is a controversy about the place. While most scholars accept Apollodorus’ views some claim that he was born in Phoenicia, later immigrating to Miletus with his parents.

Thales’ biographer, Diogenes Laërtius, writing in the 3rd century AD, informs us that Thales' parents, Examyes and Cleobuline, were wealthy and distinguished Phoenicians. But there is a controversy about this as well.

According to many scholars, his father’s name, Examyes, was distinctly Carian rather than Semitic. Since by then the Carians have been completely assimilated by the Ionians, many believe they were actually of Milesian descent. However, nobody refutes the fact that they were wealthy and distinguished.

That Thales had at least one sibling is evident from the fact that in later years he adopted his nephew, Cybisthus. Otherwise, nothing is known about Thales’ formative years.

Proclus, the fifth century Greek philosopher, tells us that on his return from Egypt, Thales introduced geometry into Greece. From his writings, we can assume that he began his career as a teacher and a thinker, subsequently discovering many propositions, instructing his ‘successors’ in many others.

Although he was a thinker, his knowledge was not at all bookish. In those days, when problems were explained with the help of mythology, he applied the method of deduction and reasoning, using his knowledge for practical purposes.

Thus unknowingly, he became a pioneer in discovering new scientific method in mathematics and allied fields, such as astronomy and engineering. Measuring the height of a pyramid with the help of its shadow is believed to be one of his early achievements.

In a trading city like Miletus, it was unthinkable that anyone should spend so much time in ‘thinking’. As a result of this, although Thales became famous as a philosopher he was mocked by one and all.

One day, while walking down the street with his gaze fixed at the sky, he fell into a ditch. Seeing this, a servant girl began to laugh, saying that if he did not know what lay at his feet how he could expect to know what was in the sky.

Others mockingly said if he was so clever how come he earned so little. At last, he decided to take up the challenge and went into business. His intention was not to earn money, but to show that one could become rich simply by using knowledge.

By correctly predicting the weather, he predicted a large olive crop in a particular year. According to one version, he then bought all the olive presses in the city, making a lot of money when the fruit was finally harvested.

Aristotle offers us another version of the same story. According to him, Thales did not buy the presses, but booked all of them in advance and when the olive was harvested he hired them out at a high rate, thus making his riches.