Martin Lewis Perl

Martin Lewis Perl was married to Teri Hoch Perl. The couple was blessed with three sons and a daughter.

Perl breathed his last on September 30, 2014 at Stanford University Hospital due to heart attack. He was 87 years of age.

Martin Lewis Perl was born on June 24, 1927 in New York City, New York to Fay and Oscar Perl. His parents were Jewish who had immigrated to the USA from Polish-occupied Russia. His mother worked as a secretary and bookkeeper for a textile firm while his father worked as a stationery salesman before founding his own printing and advertising company.

Academically, Perl was a bright student. Upon completing his early education, he enrolled at James Madison High School in 1942. Despite being a good student and winning a physics prize, Perl did not aim to become a scientist as he wasn’t sure if he could make a living out of the profession. As such, he chose chemical engineering over physics research.

Following high school, he enrolled at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn for a course in chemical engineering. However, with the onset of World War II, he left his studies to take up a course in the United States Merchant Marine Academy. For a year, he was drafted into the army. Post war, he resumed his studies and graduated from the institute in 1948.

Following his graduation, Perl took up work as a chemical engineer for the General Electric Company, producing electron vacuum tubes. His interest in the working of television tubes led him to enrol for a course in atomic physics and advanced calculus at Union College, Schenectady, New York.

Perl’s course in physics ignited his interest in the subject so much so that he decided to study the subject formally. He graduated as a physics student in 1950. Following this, Perl enrolled at the Columbia University for a PhD. Under the guidance of Isidor Isaac Rabi, he completed his thesis on measurements of the nuclear quadrupole moment of sodium, using the atomic beam resonance method. He received his PhD in 1955.

Post PhD, he worked at the University of Michigan for eight years. He studied the scattering of pions and later neutrons on protons using bubble chambers and spark chambers. Though he worked on the physics of strong interactions, he sought for a simpler interaction mechanism to study. He gave electron and muon interactions a steady consideration.

In 1963, he moved to Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), California. At Stanford, Perl was keen on satiating his curiosity in the understanding of muon. He wondered why muon interacted exactly like the electron despite being 206.8 times heavier and why it decayed through the route that it does.

His quest for the understanding of muon led him to a series of experiments. He wanted to know why there was a single muon and that was there a possibility that more muons’ existed?

Perl’s most outstanding achievement came during the latter half of the 1970s. Along with his group of fellow physicists, he conducted several experiments between 1974 and 1977. Using the new machine Spear, he recorded the collision of electrons and positrons in high energy. Though the collision led to the production of a particle, the life of the unknown particle was just 2.9×10−13 second long, leading to its decay within a few millimetres of the collision. It was only after a couple more years and several more experiments that Perl made tau lepton known to the world. Tau lepton were heavier than electrons and considered the third brother of electron, other being muon.