Lyudmila Pavlichenko

She was born Lyudmila Mikhailovna Belova on July 12, 1916, in Bila Tserkva, Russian Empire (presently in Ukraine). When she was 14 years old she relocated to Kiev with her family where she got enrolled into an OSOAVIAKhIM shooting club and eventually evolved as an amateur sharpshooter. Meanwhile she worked at the Kiev Arsenal factory as a grinder.

She married Alexei Pavlichenko in 1932 when she was just 16 years old; however the marriage did not last long. The couple together had a son called Rostislav born in 1932.

Lyudmila obtained a master’s degree in history from the Kiev University in 1937 majoring on the life of Bohdan Khmelnytsky.

The Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, in the midst of the Second World War code named as Operation Barbarossa began on June 22, 1941. During that time Lyudmila was attending her fourth year studies at the Kiev University. She came forward as one of the first round of volunteers at the Odessa recruiting office.

Although she was given the option of serving as a nurse, she requested to be assigned in the infantry and accordingly she was delegated to the 25th Rifle Division of the Red Army. With this she emerged among the 2000 female snipers who fought in the Second World War and remained one of the 500 snipers who survived the war.

She used a semi-automatic Tokarev SVT-40 rifle having 3.5X telescopic sight to accomplish her first two sniper kills that occurred close to Belyayevka in early August 1941. As the month progressed she garnered a hundred confirmed sniper kills to her name following which she was elevated to the rank of senior sergeant on that very month.

She recorded a total of 187 sniper kills fighting near Odessa for around 2 ½ months. On October 15, 1941, the Romanians seized control of Odessa following which her unit retreated to Sevastopol on the Crimean Peninsula. There she fought for over 8 months.

In May 1942, the Southern Army Council cited Lyudmila, who was recently elevated as a Lieutenant, for eliminating 257 German soldiers. The confirmed sniper kills by her amounted to 309 during the Second World War among whom 36 were snipers from the enemy sides.

As the war ended, Lyudmila resumed and completed her studies at the Kiev University and then commenced a career of a historian. She served the Chief Headquarters of the Soviet Navy as a research assistant from 1945 to 1953. Later she got actively involved with the Soviet Committee of the Veterans of War.

This ace sniper who earned international repute for her valour and war contributions passed away on October 10, 1974, at 58 years of age in Moscow, Soviet Union. Her remains were interred in Moscow’s Novodevichye Cemetery.

In 1976, the Soviet Union issued another commemorative stamp featuring her portrait.

American singer-songwriter and one of the most prominent figures in American folk music Woody Guthrie composed a song ("Miss Pavlichenko") commemorating Lyudmila’s war contributions and visits to Canada and the US. The song was included in ‘The Asch Recordings’, presumably the most famous recordings of Guthrie.

The commercially successful biographical war film ‘Battle for Sevastopol’, a joint Russian-Ukrainian production that released in both the nations on April 2, 2015 was based on the life of Lyudmila. The film had its international premiere a couple of weeks later at the Beijing International Film Festival.