Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel

Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel’s Childhood And Early LifeFanny Mendelssohn was born into a Jewish family and was the oldest of four children. Her parents had distinguished lineage — her father Abraham Mendelssohn was the son of philosopher Moses Mendelssohn and her mother Lea, née Salomon, was the granddaughter of the entrepreneur Daniel Itzig. But her Jewish parents did not bring her up as Jewish and she never practiced Judaism, but she retained the cultural values of liberal Judaism. Fanny quickly learned to play the piano under the guidance of her musically inclined mother. Felix who was born in 1809, learned to play, he and Fanny became inseparable in their love and devotion to playing, composing and studying music. Both were recognized as child prodigies, bursting with musical abilities.Fanny was taught by Carl Friedrich Zelter just like her brother Felix and also shared the early musical education and upbringing. Zelter favored fanny over Felix and also commented that she was special and could be compared to Sebastian Bach. She exhibited prodigious musical ability as a child and began to write music just like her brother.At age 13, Fanny performed 24 Bach preludes from memory, and by the time she turned 19, she had composed 32 fugues. In the early 1820s Ignaz Moscheles and Sir George Smart who were visitors to the Mendelssohn household, were equally impressed by both siblings. She was also greatly influencedby her great-aunts Fanny von Arnstein and Sarah Levy, both lovers of music, the former the patroness of a well-known salon and the latter a skilled keyboard player in her own right, who acted as role models.But unfortunately Fanny was restricted by then prevailing attitudes of the time toward women which was also apparently shared by her father, who was tolerant, rather than supportive, of her activities as a composer.He wrote “"Music will perhaps become (Felix's) profession, whilst for you it can and must only be an ornament," to her in aletter. But her brother who was privately broadly supportive of her as a composer and a performer, he dint quite approve of her publishing her works under her own name. For many years after Felix left home, Fanny and Felix would correspond with each other through robust letters, filled with their composition epiphanies. He became her eyes to the wider world, and she was his musical adviser, reading and critiquing his musical drafts. Surprisingly Felix published 24 of his songs early in his career of which six were actually written by Fanny.Later he did arrange with her for a number of her songs to be published under his name. This was followed by an embarrassing moment when Queen Victoria, received Felix at Buckingham Palace and expressed her intention of singing the composer her favorite of his songs. Felix then confessed it was composed by Fanny.After courting for several years, Fanny married the painter Wilhelm Hensel in 1829 and in the following year, she gave birth to her only child, Sebastian Ludwig Felix Hensel whom she named after Fanny's favorite composer Johann Sebastian Bach. Her husband was supportive of her composing and soon enough her compositions were often played alongside her brother's at the family home in Berlin in a Sunday concert series (Sonntagskonzerte). She debuted with her piano in 1838 as her only known public performance, where she played her brother's Piano Concerto No. 1. She played with the grace and simplicity of those who make music because they love it. In 1846, she decided to publish a collection of her songs. Fanny Mendelssohn Helson's piano works show outstanding inspiration and originality with song like qualities and striking juxtapositions of unrelated harmonies and chromatically colored progressions. Many musicians find that her compositions are technically challenging, which is a reflection of the brilliant style of virtuosity for which Fanny was celebrated.Important CompositionsFanny Mendelssohn composed 466 pieces of music including over 250 songs, 125 piano works, four cantatas, and much instrumental chamber music, as well as choral works. These artistic compositions also comprise of a piano trio and several books of solo piano pieces and songs. A number of her songs were originally published under Felix's name in his opus 8 and 9 collections. Her piano works are often in the manner of songs, and many carry the name Lied ohne Worte (Song without Words). She wrote her most famous lieders "Swan Song," plus over 100 piano music including bagatelles, fugues, preludes and sonatas. She wrote choral music including her famous cantata "Oratoriumnach den Bildern der Bibel". Apart from these she also wrote instrumental music such as those for string and piano. Only a handful of her works were published, however, and most disappeared for more than 100 years until rediscovered.Even today most of her music has never been published and remains hidden away in libraries or private collections.Her most famous work is a cycle of pieces depicting the months of the year, Das Jahr ("The Year") in 1841 which was written on colored sheets of paper, and illustrated by her husband Wilhelm. It constitutes in effect a musical diary of the year she and her family spent in Rome. It is considered one of the greatest of the unheralded piano suites of the nineteenth century.It has now been recorded and is deserving of inclusion in the standard piano repertoire. They were as follows:January: A Dream. Adagio, quasi una Fantasia; PrestoFebruary: Scherzo. prestoMarch. Agitato; AndanteApril: Capriccioso. Allegretto; AllegroMay: Spring Song. Allegro vivace e gioiosoJune: Serenade. Largo; AndanteJuly: Serenade. LarghettoAugust. AllegroSeptember: At the River. Andante con motoOctober. Allegro con spirituoNovember. Mesto; Allegro molto agitatoDecember. Allegro molto; AndantePostlude: Chorale "Das alteJahrvergangenist"Last DaysFanny Hensel breathed her last in Berlin in 1847 owing to complications from a stroke that she suffered while rehearsing one of her brother's oratorios, The First Walpurgis Night. Unfortunately Felix himself died less than six months later (the two were buried side-by-side) from the same cause which also caused the deaths of both of their parents and of their grandfather Moses.