W B Yeats

In 1889, Yeats met Maud Gonne, an ardent Irish nationalist. He was smitten by her from the very beginning and she soon became his muse. He was deeply in love with her and proposed marriage to her several times, only to be turned down. Maud later went on to marry another man.

He became acquainted with Olivia Shakespear, a British novelist and playwright, in 1894. The two began an affair even though Olivia was married at that time. The affair came to an end in 1897.

Maud Gonne’s marriage broke down and eventually her former husband died. This gave rise to hope in Yeats’ mind that she might now marry him. Even though she agreed to have a physical relationship with him, she once again refused his marriage proposal.

William Butler Yeats was born on 13 June 1865 in County Dublin, Ireland to John Butler Yeats, a lawyer turned portrait painter and Susan Mary Pollexfen, daughter of a wealthy family from county Sligo. He had a brother named Jack and two sisters, namely, Elizabeth and Susan Mary. His father was a supporter of nationalism and the nationalist movement in the country.

He received his early education at home from his parents and entered the Godolphin school in 1877. He was an average student though he developed a deep interest in literature and poetry.

After spending a few years in England, the family moved to Dublin where he resumed his education at Dublin's Erasmus Smith High School in 1881. It was during this time that he began writing seriously. From 1884 to 1886, William attended the Metropolitan School of Art—now the National College of Art and Design.

William Butler Yeats’ initial works were heavily influenced by Percy Bysshe Shelley and Edmund Spenser, and eventually he turned to Irish mythology and folklore and the writings of William Blake.

He returned to London in the late 1880s and became acquainted with writers Oscar Wilde, Lionel Johnson and George Bernard Shaw. During this time he also met Maud Gonne, an ardent nationalist and supporter of Irish independence. She became his muse and greatly inspired his works.

In 1890, Yeats joined the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. The same year also saw the founding of the Rhymers’ Club in which Yeats was a co-founder. The club consisted of a group of London-based poets who met regularly in a Fleet Street tavern to recite their verse. Yeats then proceeded to publish two anthologies of the Rhymers' work, the first one in 1892 and the second one in 1894.

Along with literature, he also loved the theater and wrote several plays. He collaborated with the likes of Lady Gregory, Edward Martyn and George Moore to establish the Irish Literary Theatre for the purpose of performing Irish and Celtic plays. As a dramatist, his successful works included ‘The Countess Cathleen’ (1892), ‘The Land of Heart’s Desire’ (1894) and ‘The King’s Threshold’ (1904).

He also had a major role to play in the founding of the Abbey Theatre, also known as the National Theatre of Ireland, which first opened in 1904. The theatre was closely associated with the Irish Literary Revival--also called the Irish Literary Renaissance-- a revival of interest in Ireland's Gaelic heritage and the growth of Irish nationalism from the middle of the 19th century.

His book of poems, ‘Michael Robartes and the Dancer’ is one of his best known poetry collections; the book includes poems like ‘Solomon And The Witch’, ‘An Image From A Past Life’, ‘The Rose-Tree’, ‘On A Political Prisoner’ and ‘The Leaders Of The Crowd.’ Another poignant poem in the book is ‘A Prayer For My Daughter’ addressed to his daughter, Ann.

His short play ‘The Resurrection’ depicts a discussion among three men ("The Greek" or "The Egyptian," "The Hebrew," and "The Syrian") who are among the first to meet the resurrected Christ.

His book length study, ‘A Vision’ is among his most celebrated works. He covered various philosophical, historical, astrological, and poetic topics in the work which is counted amongst the most remarkable channeled documents of the 20th century. The book has been compared to ‘Eureka: A Prose Poem’, the final major work of Edgar Allan Poe.

Another one of his popular poetry collections is ‘The Winding Stair’ where the title refers to the staircase in the Thoor Ballylee castle which Yeats had purchased and lived in with his family for some time. It included poems such as ‘Spilt Milk’, ‘The Nineteenth Century and After’, ‘Statistics’, ‘Three Movements’, and ‘The Seven Sages.’