Thomas Sowell

Thomas Sowell's first wife was Alma Jean Parr, to whom he was married from 1964 to 1975.

In 1981, he married Mary Ash, with whom he has two children named John and Lorraine.

Thomas Sowell was born on June 30, 1930 in Gastonia, North Carolina. With his father already dead shortly before his birth, his mother, a housemaid, could not support her five children, and sent him to a great-aunt and her two grown-up daughters who adopted and raised him.

During the Great Migration of African-Americans, a nine-year-old Sowell relocated with his family from Charlotte, North Carolina, to Harlem, New York City. There, he made it into the prestigious Stuyvesant High School, and subsequently became the first in his family to study beyond the sixth grade.

His academic career was disrupted at the age of 17 due to financial difficulties, following which did a number of jobs, including a job as a delivery man for Western Union. In 1951, during the Korean War, he was drafted into the military, but thanks to his photography skills, was trained as a Marine Corps photographer instead of being sent to Korea.

After two years of military service, he got a civil service job in Washington, DC and at the same time took night classes at Howard University, a historically black college. He earned high scores on the College Board exams and gained admission into Harvard University with recommendation from two professors.

After graduating magna cum laude in 1958, he completed his Master's degree from Columbia University the next year.

A Marxist during his 20s, Thomas Sowell's first professional publication was 'Karl Marx and the Freedom of the Individual' (1963), in which he provided a sympathetic examination of Marxist thought vs. Marxist–Leninist practice. However, he later rejected Marxist economics in favor of free-market theory after working as a federal government intern during the summer of 1960.

After serving as an economist for the U.S. Department of Labor in 1960-61, he became an instructor at Douglass College, Rutgers University in 1962 and then taught economics at Howard University in 1963-64. He subsequently became an economic analyst with AT&T in 1964.

He was an assistant professor of economics at Cornell University from 1965 to 1969 and had experienced the violent takeover of Willard Straight Hall by black students. Thirty years later, he wrote in the article, 'The Day Cornell Died', that those students were "hoodlums" with "serious academic problems", adding that he never experienced "the pervasive racism that black students supposedly encountered".

Following a brief stint at Brandeis in 1969-70, he joined the University of California, Los Angeles as an associate professor of economics, and was promoted to full professor in 1974. Between 1972 and 1974, he also served as project director of the Urban Institute.

During his time at UCLA, he served as a fellow at Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences in 1976-77 and at Hoover Institution, Stanford University in 1977. He became a senior fellow of the Hoover Institution in 1980 and holds a fellowship named after his mentors Milton and Rose Friedman.

A syndicated columnist and an academic economist, Thomas Sowell wrote columns for 'Forbes' magazine, 'National Review', 'The Wall Street Journal', 'The Washington Times', 'The New York Post', and other major newspapers. He also wrote for online publications such as 'RealClearPolitics', 'Townhall', 'WorldNetDaily', and the 'Jewish World Review'.

Starting with the book 'Economics: Analysis and Issues' in 1971, he has published almost one book every year so far. His 1972 book, 'Say's Law: An Historical Analysis', provides a comprehensive coverage of the idea that "supply creates its own demand".

His 1975 book 'Race and Economics' analyzes the relationship between race and wealth in the US, focusing especially on blacks. He wrote a number of books during the early 1980s, starting with 'Knowledge and Decisions' in which he explicates how social and economic knowledge is transmitted and how that affects decisions.

In 1987, he published 'A Conflict of Visions', the first of his trilogy on ideologies and political positions, in which he attempts to explain why political groups often clash on widely different ideas. It was followed by 'The Vision of the Anointed' (1995), which compares the conservative/libertarian and liberal/progressive worldviews, and 'The Quest for Cosmic Justice' (2002), which shows how confused conceptions of justice end up promoting injustice.

He wrote several books claiming that black progress is not a result of progressive government programs or policies, and that several so-called issues that black people face are actually not unique. Some of these books include 'The Economics and Politics of Race' (1983), 'Ethnic America' (1981), 'Affirmative Action Around the World' (2004), and 'Black Rednecks and White Liberals' (2005).