Katherine Dunham

In 1931, he married Jordis McCoo, a black postal worker, but they gradually drifted apart due to different interests and got divorced in 1938.

In 1941, she married John Thomas Pratt, a white Canadian, who had been her artistic collaborator since 1938. Because of difference in their races, they had a commitment ceremony in Mexico where inter-racial relationships were less controversial than in the United States.

Later, they faced some trouble as it was not recognized as a legal marriage in the United States. Therefore, they legally married in a quiet ceremony in Las Vegas in 1949.

She was born on June 22, 1909 in Glen Ellyn, Illinois, a small suburb of Chicago, to Albert Millard Dunham, a tailor and dry cleaner, and his wife, Fanny June Dunham.

Her father was of black ancestry, a descendant of slaves from West Africa and Madagascar, while her mother belonged to mixed French-Canadian and Native American origin. Her mother was 20 years older than her father.

She was the second child from her mother’s second marriage. She had one elder brother, Albert Jr., and three half siblings; Louise, Henry and Fanny June Weir. Her mother died following a long illness, when Katherine was three years old.

After her mother’s death, she and her brother were sent to live with her father’s sister, Lulu Dunham, in Chicago. Later, due to Lulu’s financial instability, the children’s custody was granted to the family of her half-sister, Fanny June Weir.

When she was five, her father remarried Annette Poindexter, a schoolteacher, and the children came to live with them. She loved her step-mother and the family used to run a dry cleaning business. Some years later, when Annette left her father because of his abusive behavior, she decided to live with her.

In 1940, she formed The Dunham Dance Company, an all-black dance troupe, and developed an entirely new dance form, the ‘Dunham technique’. It was a mixture of the ethnic dances of the Caribbean with classical American ballet and theatrical effects.

Her dance group performed in many Broadway musicals, and she also choreographed and appeared in many ballets, stage shows and films, including the movies, ‘Pardon My Sarong’ (1942) and ‘Stormy Weather’ (1943).

In 1945, she opened the Katherine Dunham School of Dance and Theatre in New York City. The curriculum included courses in dance, drama, performing arts, applied skills, humanities, cultural studies, and Caribbean research.

In 1950, she faced racism when her troops were refused rooms in a first class hotel in Brazil. She publicized the incident which resulted in the introduction of the ‘Afonso Arinos Law’ that made racial discrimination in public places a felony in Brazil.

She also wrote some books such as ‘A Touch of Innocence: Memoirs of Childhood’ (1959), ‘Island Possessed’ (1969) and ‘Kasamance: A Fantasy’ (1974). Throughout her career, she occasionally published articles about her anthropological research.

In 1971, she was awarded the Heritage Award by the National Dance Association.

In 1979, she was conferred the Albert Schweitzer Music Award "for a life's work dedicated to music and devoted to humanity."

In 1983, she was honored with the ‘Kennedy Center Honors’, one of the highest artistic awards in the United States.

In 1986, she received the ‘Distinguished Service Award’ from the American Anthropological Association.

In 1987, she was presented the ‘Samuel H. Scripps American Dance Festival Award’.