James J. Hill

He fell in love with a waitress, Mary Theresa Mehegan, at Merchant’s Hotel, where he often dined. She was the daughter of an Irish immigrant and was a pious catholic. She received education at St. Mary’s Institute of Notre Dame.

The couple tied the knot in 1867, their marriage brought ten children into the world, of which one (Katherine) died in infancy. The rest of their children were – Mary, James, Lewis, Clara, Charlotte, Ruth, Rachel, Gertrude and Walter.

Hill was known to be blunt with occasional humour. He loved reading and also took to poetry. He was quick witted and had an animated way of speaking. It is also true that he used to survey the areas where rails were to be laid himself on horseback.

On 16 September 1838, James J. Hill was born to Anne Dunbar Hill and James Hill. His father was a hired farmer, who received employment occasionally at Ontario in Canada.

As a child he encountered a serious accident, where he was struck by an arrow in his right eye that blinded his eye forever. This incident however did not cause much hindrance in his future career.

At nine, he started receiving formal education.His father could not afford to pay his school fees, but a benevolent head master at the ‘Rockwood Academy’ let him receive free education.

It was there that he studied algebra, mathematics, geometry, land surveying and English. Thus, the knowledge he amassed in the academy was put to use in order to establish his business later in life.

He may have considered himself fortunate to receive good education, but destiny spat misfortune his way, when his father passed away. James Hill was only fourteen years old when this demise occurred.

In 1856 at seventeen, James Hill found work as a clerk in Minnesota, for a firm of shipping agents who traded and worked with steamboats. The skill of book-keeping he had acquired as a clerk at Kentucky, before moving to Minnesota helped augment his knowledge and had landed him this job.

In 1860 he was already managing cargo transfers by railway and steamboats for wholesale grocers. He observed and learnt and came up with shrewd ideas. He gradually began working for himself.

It was in the season of winter that the Mississippi River froze and trading via steamboats was hindered. Thus, with his experience in cargo business he began bidding for other contracts and won quite a few.

He tactfully entered the coal business during the time of the Civil War in 1867, where he supplied coal instead of wood, which was undergoing heavy shortage. This business brought good profit in five folds by 1879, consolidating his monopoly in the anthracite coal industry.

In 1870 he partnered with a few acquaintances and began his own ‘Red River Transportation Company’, which offered steamboat freight shipping between St. Paul and Winnipeg.

It was only in the 1870s that the possibility of a railway system through the Red River Valley dawned on him. He realised the colossal development and opportunities it would bring to the northwest region.

During the Panic of 1873, ‘St. Paul and Pacific Railroad’ encountered huge losses and was bankrupt. Seizing this opportunity, he collaborated with Norman Kittson, Donald Smith, George Stephen and John Stewart Kennedy, and bought off ‘St. Paul and Pacific Railroad.

With his astute judgments and haggling skills, he managed to recover it from bankruptcy and even expanded the rails. He was soon made the General Manager of the newly formed St. Paul, Minneapolis, and Manitoba Railway Co.

Hill recruited hundreds of immigrants and developed mini homesteads in Dakota and Montana that helped in building markets; he used the railways as a means of commuting immigrants from one place to another. The net worth of the company jumped from $728,000 in 1880 to $25,000,000 in 1885.

He knew that the multiplying profits would soon find its way under the Federal Government’s scanner, and so he used his profits wisely. He invested a considerable amount of profit back into the business, further expanding and upgrading the business, earning his position as president of the company.