James Franck

James Franck married Swedish pianist Ingrid Josephson on 23 December 1907. The couple had two daughters Dagmar (born in 1909) and Elisabeth (born in 1912). Ingrid died in 1942 in Chicago at age 59.

He married German physicist and chemist Hertha Sponer on 29 June 1946.

On 21 May 1964, he died of a heart attack while visiting Göttingen. He was 81 at the time of his death.

James Franck was born on 26 August 1882 to banker Jacob Franck and Rebecca née Nachum Drucker. He had an older sister Paula and a younger brother Robert Bernard.

He started his primary education in Hamburg and by 1891 got enrolled in Wilhelm-Gymnasium where he finished his school studies.

In 1901, he enrolled in the University of Heidelberg to pursue law and economics. However, he grew interested in science and soon shifted his studies to physics and chemistry. As the university did not have much credibility in physical sciences at that point, he decided to go to Berlin to continue his education.

He enrolled in the Frederick William University at Berlin, and got the opportunity to attend classes by Emil Warburg and Max Planck. As a thesis for his PhD under Emil Warburg, he studied the mobility of ions by using a method devised by physicist Ernest Rutherford.

Post the completion of his thesis he was called for compulsory military service. In 1906, he joined the 1st Telegraph Battalion. However, he met with a horse riding accident and was discharged from service soon after, as he was declared unfit for duty.

In 1907, he started his career in science as an assistant to Physikalische Verein at Frankfurt. However, he did not feel comfortable and returned to Frederick William University after quitting his job.

As per the criteria in Germany during the time, one needed habilitation or ‘venialegendi’, apart from a doctorate degree. For this he began focusing on the several unsolved problems in Physics during the time and by 1914, he had authored or co-authored about 34 articles. In 1911, he received his habilitation.

For the preparation of articles, he had worked in association with noted physicists such as Robert Pohl, Robert W. Wood, Willheim Westphal, Lise Meitner and Arthur Wehnelt. He along with Gustav Hertz authored approximately 19 articles.

In 1914, he collaborated with Gustav Hertz to research fluorescence. The results of their experiments confirmed Einstein’s photo electric effect and Plankc’s relation. They completed their final paper together in 1918.

The experiment also helped in validating Niels Bohr’s model of an atom along with demonstrating the quantized energy transfer from kinetic energy to light energy. The experiment also brought out the fact that the light series of an atom is integral to its structure.

He received military decoration from the Kingdom of Prussia - Iron Cross, 2nd Class in 1915. In 1918, he was awarded the Iron Cross, 1stClass.

In 1916, he was given the Hanseatic Cross, a decoration of the three city-states of Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck.

James Franck was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1925 along with Gustav Hertz.

In 1951, he received the Max Planck medal from the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.

He was given the Rumford Prize in 1955.