Harilal Gandhi

Harilal was born in 1888 to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (a.k.a. Mahatma Gandhi) and Kasturba Gandhi in New Delhi, British India, before his father travelled to London to study law and jurisprudence. He was the eldest surviving child of his parents and spent his early years in the Indian environment. He did not get to know much about his father until his return in 1891.

For the next two years M.K. Gandhi remained in the country but left India again in 1893, this time for South Africa, as his law practice back home was not a successful one. Soon after, Kasturba relocated to South Africa as well. Harilal had three brothers, Manilal, Ramdas, and Devdas, the latter two being born in South Africa.

With both parents living abroad, Harilal stayed with his uncle in Rajghat. The family was financially well off, so he did not have to worry about money. His life, however, lacked the strict framework of parental guidance, despite his uncle’s earnest attempts to provide him so.

Hence, his education suffered and he was not able to pass the Matriculation examination. He let his life be dictated by his friends, who took him to brothels and introduced him to alcohol. Around this time, he married a girl named Gulab without informing his father.

After learning about his son’s academic failure and wayward lifestyle, Gandhi urged Harilal to come to South Africa to the Phoenix Ashram and help him in his struggles against racism. But once he got there, Harilal realised that the realities waiting for him were much different than what he had initially imagined. His father had renounced all earthly luxuries and virtually living the life of an ascetic. He was not only required to do the same, but also treated on par with everyone else in the Ashram.

It baffled and wounded Harilal; he could not understand his father’s objectives. Both he and his mother were dismayed by Gandhi’s decision of letting the so-called “untouchables” stay with them and making everyone take turns to clean the common toilets utilized by all. Used to a life of comfort and decadence, Harilal was ill-fitted for the life on a farm and to perform manual labour.

He had aspirations to follow his father’s footsteps and go to London to study law and jurisprudence but did not possess the educational acumen for it, having never passed the Matriculation examination. In 1910, he implored his father to use his acquaintances among South African industrialists to get him assistance. Gandhi refused and an infuriated Harilal cut all ties with his family and travelled back to India in 1911.

Harilal Gandhi lived with his wife and their children and sat for the Matriculation exam multiple times without success. He was drinking and frequenting the brothels again, keeping no less than three concubines in Ahmedabad. At first, the Gandhi family in India bore his expenses but that was not enough. He was eventually broke, snubbed by the concubines and hunted by debtors. He reached out to his father who had returned to India in 1915, asking for money to start his own business.

Gandhi, himself a penniless public servant, asked him to join the Indian independence movement and quit his bad habits. But he knew his son and despite all his faults, loved him. Showing leniency, he recommended Harilal to a company in Calcutta (present day Kolkata).

His experience in Calcutta was not much better. He swindled money from the company he worked in to start his own business. When the owners became aware they informed Gandhi, who, shocked and dejected, told them to do what they thought was best. Harilal was taken into custody by the police

He came back to Gandhi upon his release, seeking refuge. Gandhi welcomed his son back, hoping imprisonment had taught him a few lessons. It was not the case. He resorted back to his old ways, raising shares by using his father’s name and starting fake businesses. His victims filed a complaint to the government. There were speculations that Gandhi himself had embezzled people. Overwhelmed by the allegations, Gandhi had to condemn Harilal in public.

In the months following this, Harilal was arrested several times for quarrel, petty thefts, cheating, and prostitution in public places. He was abusive to his wife, who fled to her mother’s house with their children. Harilal followed her there and the abuse continued. Heartbroken and bedridden, she died in a flu epidemic.