Hadrian

@Emperors, Birthday and Childhood

Hadrian was Roman emperor from 117 to 138

Jan 24, 1976

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Biography

Personal Details

  • Birthday: January 24, 1976
  • Died on: July 10, 138
  • Nationality: Italian
  • Famous: Emperors, Kings, Roman Emperor, Historical Personalities, Emperors & Kings
  • Spouses: Vibia Sabina (m. 100 AD–136 AD)
  • Siblings: Paulina Minor
  • Known as: Publius Aelius Hadrianus, Publius Aelius Hadrianus Buccellanus

Hadrian born at

Italica, Hispania

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Birth Place

He married Vibia Sabina who was the grand-niece of Emperor Trajan on the behest of Empress Plotina, after the death of her husband. Plotina and Hadrian shared philosophical interest and got along well. However, Trajan was not enthusiastic about the marriage that was more for convenience as Hadrian and Sabina did not get along well and had no children of their own.

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Personal Life

Hadrian was the first Roman Emperor to make it known publicly that he was gay. His companion, Antinous, accompanied him on all his travels and finds mention in Hadrian’s poetry. He even named a Greek city after him when he died a premature death due to drowning.

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Personal Life

Since he had no children of his own, he adopted Aellius Caesar who unfortunately died so he again adopted Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus who went on to become Emperor after Hadrian died on 10th July 138 AD at the age of 62.

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Personal Life

Hadrian was born on 24 January 76 in Italica, Hispania into the ‘Nervan-Antonine’ dynasty, which was a well established Roman family with roots in Italica, Hispania, Baetica, near modern day Seville, Spain. (As per some historians he was born in Rome).

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Childhood & Early Life

His father, Publius Aelius Hadrianus Afer Trajan, was the cousin of Emperor Trajan and a senator of ‘Praetorian’ rank who spent most of his time in Rome. His mother, Domitia Paulina, belonged to a distinguished Hispano – Roman senator family from Gades, Spain. His elder sister, Aelia Domitia Paulina, was his only sibling.

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Childhood & Early Life

His parents died when he was 10 years old and he became a ward of both Emperor Trajan and Publius Acilius Attianus who was Trajan’s ‘Praetorian Perfect’. Young Hadrian moved to Rome at the age of 14 where he was given an aristocratic upbringing and taught various subjects. He was fond of Greek literature and got the nickname ‘Graeculus’.

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Childhood & Early Life

He started his career as a ‘Vigintivirate’, which is a minor magistrate in the inheritance court. At the age of 19 he did his first military service as a tribune on the ‘Legio II Adiutrix’ of the Roman army. He was later transferred to the ‘Legio V Macedonica’. He had yet another spell of military service in the tribunate of ‘Legio XXII Primigenia’, which gave him the distinction of having exceptional military experience.

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Career

In the year 101, Hadrian was elected as a ‘Quaestor’, which was the beginning of his career in the Senate. His first task was to read the speeches of the Emperor. Later, he was appointed ‘ab actis senatus’ and was assigned the responsibility of keeping a record of the proceedings of the Senate.

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Career

Hadrian was a member of Trajan’s personal entourage during the First Dacian War. After the war he was elected as a ‘Praetor’ and given charge of an army. He rose to be a Legate of ‘Legion – Legio I Minervia’, which was the equivalent of the rank of a General, during the Second Dacian War.

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Career

After the war he was appointed governor of the province, Lower Pannonia, which was considered to be a high ranking post for someone his age. Legend has it that during this period Trajan handed over a ring to Hadrian that was given to him by his predecessor, which was a signal of succession.

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Career

When Trajan was seriously ill and had to return to Rome. Hadrian stayed back in Syria to guard the Roman rear. Thus, he became the de-facto commander of the Eastern Roman army. Trajan passed away in Selinus and Empress Plotina signed the succession document transferring power to Hadrian.

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Career

The accession to the throne was not smooth for Hadrian as Trajan had not personally signed any document to transfer power to him. He was relatively junior to other senators who also had ambitions for the throne. However, he had the support of the army and his competitors were eliminated while he was consolidating power in the East.

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Accession & Administration

Hadrian did not follow an expansionist policy as an Emperor. He believed in peace and consolidation of his empire. He gave up Mesopotamia in the East and built the famous Hadrian Wall in Britannia to safeguard his territory.

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Accession & Administration

He devoted a lot of his time and effort to revive art and architecture in his kingdom. He built his villa with landscaped gardens and went about renovating monuments that had been destroyed due to war or natural calamities. He also personally wrote Latin and Greek poetry and an autobiography titled ‘Phlegon of Tralles’.

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Accession & Administration

One of the most distinctive aspects about Hadrian’s rule was that he spent a lot of time travelling around his empire. Unlike most Emperors before him who left Rome only to conquer land, he visited his subjects and worked towards establishing peace and prosperity.

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Accession & Administration

During his travels he was accompanied by architects who rendered advice on constructing new buildings or renovating ruins. He also negotiated peace within his kingdom and with his neighbours. A glaring example is the peace settlement with the Parthian King, Osroes, when he visited Euphrates.

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Accession & Administration