Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon

Buffon got married to Marie-Francois de Saint-Belin-Malain, in the year 1752, who was the daughter of a noble family in Burgundy. The family was not doing well financially, when the marriage took place.

Madame Buffon died in 1769, leaving a five year old son behind. Seeing the signs of brilliance in his child, Buffon asked naturalist J.B. Lamarck to take his 17-year old son with him in his travels across Europe. However, his son was not academic-minded like his father and soon turned into spendthrift which led to his death ultimately in guillotine.

Buffon was given the title of a Count in 1773, a title which he held till death.

Georges was born on September 7th, 1707 in Montbrad in France. His father was Benjamin Leclerc, who was a state official in Burgundy and was responsible for collection of salt tax. His mother Anne-Christin Marlin was part of a family which mainly comprised of civil servants. Georges was named after his godfather, Georges Blaisot.

Georges-Louis inherited quite a fortune when his godfather died childless in 1714.

His father bought an estate of which Buffon was a part, and the family moved there where Benjamin acquired several offices. For a brief period, Senior Buffon was also given a seat in the Parliament.

Georges began his study in the College of Godrans, where he was an average student, but showed flair in mathematics. As his father wanted him to be a lawyer, he began studying law in 1723.

Abandoning his studies in law, Georges went to ‘University of Angers’, in 1728, where he studied medicine, mathematics, and botany.

In 1732, when he shifted to Paris, he befriended Voltaire and other famous Parisians of his time. During his stay, he introduced integral and differential calculus in probability theory.

In 1734, Buffon was integrated into ‘French Academy of Sciences’ and made acquaintance with Gabriel Cramer, a mathematician from Switzerland.

His benefactor Maurepas instructed the Academy to do scientific work on wood for constructing ships. He was anxious to use his protégée’s knowledge in timber for shipbuilding projects for France.

In 1735 Georges published the translated work of Stephen Hales’ Vegetable Staticks.

During his tenure in the Academy of Sciences, he also studied the mechanical properties of wood, and discovered it to be impossible to use all properties intact in case of large wood.

Buffon’s most famous work was ‘Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière’ (1749–1804), This was the first scientific approach to systematically present existing information or knowledge in different fields like natural history, geology, and anthropology in one single work.