Donald James Cram was an eminent American chemist who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1987
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Donald James Cram was an eminent American chemist who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1987
Donald J. Cram born at
Cram was married twice. His first wife was Jean Turner who had a Master's degree in social work from Columbia University. His second wife, Dr. Jane Maxwell, is a former Professor of Chemistry at Mt. Holyoke College.
He was an avid reader and enjoyed reading both classical and modern literature. In his spare time, he enjoyed sports like surfing, tennis and skiing. He also loved to sing folk songs and play the guitar.
He died of cancer on 17 June 2001, at the age of 82.
Donald J. Cram was born on 22 April 1919, in Chester, Vermont, USA to a Scottish immigrant father, William, and a German émigré mother, Joanna. Before his birth, his parents had migrated from Ontario, Canada to rural Chester. They already had three daughters and he was their fourth born and the only male child.
His mother, Joanna, was a lively person with a rebel streak since childhood. William on the other hand, was a romantic cavalry officer who later worked as a successful lawyer. Unfortunately, he died of pneumonia before young Cram’s fourth birthday. As a result, his mother was left all alone to raise the four children.
Donald J. Cram’s education started at home when he was only four and half year old. The habit of reading was inculcated in the children by their mother. Before long, he could read different children’s books on his own.
Two years later, the family shifted to Brattleboro, Vermont where he grew up on Aid to Dependent Children. He had an adventurous childhood and since he was intelligent and curious, he managed to land odd jobs to support his music lessons. By his 18th birthday, he had worked at least eighteen different jobs.
Later in his life, he admitted that his real education happened outside classroom, “in a private world of books and brooks”. He read extensively the work of famous authors like Dickens, Kipling, Scott, Shaw, and Shakespeare and spent time with nature.
From 1938 to 1941, Donald J. Cram attended Rollins College, in Winter Park, Florida. Apart from regular studies, he worked as an assistant in the chemistry department, participated in theatre and chapel choir, produced a minor radio programme, and even acquired an airplane pilot’s license.
During the summers of 1938–1941, he worked for the National Biscuit Company in New York City, initially as a salesman and then as an assessor of cheeses for moisture and fat content. The sales tenure helped him to learn about ethnic groups and big city street-life.
At Rollins, he soon became popular for building his own chemistry equipment. He graduated with a B.S. in Chemistry in 1941 and decided to pursue an academic research career in chemistry.
In 1942, he graduated from the University of Nebraska with a M.S. in Organic Chemistry, under the supervision of Dr. Norman O. Cromwell.
From 1942 to 1945, when World War II was underway, he worked at Merck & Co laboratories, researching penicillin with mentor Dr. Max Tishler.
Donald J. Cram made significant contributions to the chemistry of phenonium ions, asymmetric induction, carbanions, paracyclophanes, and the use of stereochemistry for explaining reaction mechanisms.
He formulated the ‘Cram's Rule’ in 1952, which provided a methodology for calculating the result of nucleophilic attack of carbonyl compounds.
He expanded upon Charles Pedersen's innovative synthesis of ‘crown ethers’. After Pedersen discovered crown ethers, molecules that can detain certain metallic atoms, Cram successfully built a range of molecules that could attach selective atoms and molecules to themselves owing to their corresponding three dimensional structure. This made it feasible to create chemical compounds through chemical reactions.
He published over 400 research papers and eight books on Organic Chemistry, and mentored graduate, doctoral and post-doctoral students from 21 different countries.
Donald James Cram was an eminent American chemist who, along with Charles J. Pedersen and Jean-Marie Lehn, won the prestigious Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1987 “for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity”. The trio was the originator of the field of ‘host-guest chemistry’. Cram received his B.S. degree in Chemistry from the Rollins College in Florida followed by a M.S. degree in Organic Chemistry from the University of Nebraska. In 1947, he received his Ph.D degree from Harvard University and after spending three months as a postdoctoral scholar at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he joined the faculty of the University of California at Los Angeles to become a full Professor by 1956. For over forty years, he taught more than 12,000 undergraduates, supervised nearly 120 doctoral and 100 postdoctoral students, and published more than 400 papers and eight books. Alongside his distinguished academic career, he remained committed to chemical research till the very end. He invented the ‘Cram's Rule’ which provided a methodology for calculating the result of nucleophilic attack of carbonyl compounds. He also expanded upon Pedersen’s innovative synthesis of ‘crown ethers’ and built a range of differently shaped molecules that could attach selective atoms to themselves owing to their corresponding three-dimensional structure.
Information | Detail |
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Birthday | April 22, 1919 |
Died on | June 17, 2001 |
Nationality | American |
Famous | Scientists, Chemists, Organic Chemists |
Spouses | Dr. Jane Maxwell, Jean Turner |
Known as | Donald James Cram |
Cause of death | Cancer |
Birth Place | Chester, Vermont |
Gender | Male |
Father | William Cram |
Mother | Joanna Cram |
Sun Sign | Taurus |
Born in | Chester, Vermont |
Famous as | Chemist |
Died at Age | 82 |