Christiaan Huygens

Christiaan Huygens led a solo life and never married nor had children.He suffered from severe depression, which worsened during the last five years of his life after the death of his father in 1687.

His father left the mansion Hofwijck to him, which is where he made his home up until his death in 1695.

The last five years of Huygen's life were spent in pain and dealing with severe illness. He died on July 8, 1695 at the age of 66 from his illness and was laid to rest in ‘Grote Kerk’, a protestant church in Haarlem, Netherlands.

Christiaan Huygens was born on April 14, 1629 to Constantijn Huygens and Suzanna Van Baerle in The Hague, capital city of South Holland.

Unfortunately, his mother died shortly after giving birth to his youngest sister Suzanna in 1637.

As a child of a wealthy and influential family, Huygens had the resources available for him to study under private tutors and had access to some of the finest scholars through his father, a well-known poet.

Huygens's affluence allowed for an education at the ‘University of Leiden’ starting in May of 1645, studying both law and mathematics. After two years, he then transferred to the ‘College of Orange’ at Breda where his father worked as a curator.

Although records of Huygen's unpublished work date back to 1649 with 'De iis quae liquido supernatant', his first major work that was published was titled 'Theoremata de quadratura'. This discourse, published two years later, was a refutation of Gregory of St. Vincent’s work on the quadrature of the circle.

In 1654, Christiaan published 'De Circuli Magnitudine Inventa'. This work helped him acquire a growing mathematics reputation in Europe, paving the way for his success in intellectual and social circles in Paris a year later.

In 1656, he began grinding his own lenses for telescopes with his brother Constantijn, which led to the invention of the two lens ‘Huygenian eyepiece’. His work with lenses helped him discover the Saturnian moon, Titan. His further work on the telescope designs led to the discovery of the stellar components of the Orion nebula, in the same year.

By 1658, Christiaan's interests in astronomy created a drive towards more accurate time measurements. This spurred his invention of the pendulum as a way to regulate clocks with an accuracy of only a one minute a day off. He later went on to reduce this error time and publish his thoughts in 'Horologium'.

In 1659 he discovered the true shape of Saturn's rings, further increasing his popularity in Europe.

His 1673 book ‘Horologium Oscillatorium sive de motu pendulorum’, or 'Theory and Design of the Pendulum Clock' discussed his work within pendulums and how they relate to the study of time.

His work ‘Discours de la cause de la pesanteur’, or 'Discourse on the Cause of Gravity' published in 1690, was Huygen's response to Newton's theories of gravitation.

Another 1690 publication, ‘Traité de la Lumière’ or the 'Treatise on Light' was an explanation on the mechanics of the nature of light, including secondary wave fronts, reflection and refraction.