Carrie Chapman Catt

In 1884, Carrie married Leo Chapman, a newspaper editor, and subsequently joined him as a co-editor. The marriage ended with Leo’s untimely death in 1886.

In 1890, four years after the death of her first husband, Carrie married George W. Catt, a wealthy engineer. In 1904, she left social activism to look after her ailing husband but unfortunately George died the following year. After his death, Carrie lived with Mary Garrett Hay, a suffragist leader from New York, for 20 years.

Carrie Chapman Catt died on March 9, 1947 in New Rochelle, New York, U.S.A, at the age of 88. She was interred, alongside Hay, at Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx, New York, U.S.

Carrie Clinton Lane was born on January 9, 1859, in Ripon, Wisconsin, U.S., to Lucius Clinton Lane, and his wife, Maria Louisa Lane. At the age of seven, the family moved to Iowa where she received her elementary education and graduated from high school.

Subsequently, she attended the Iowa State Agricultural College in Ames, Iowa, and alongside worked as a teacher in rural schools to raise money for the college expenses. While at college, she was a member of the Crescent Literary Society and Pi Beta Phi.

In 1880, Catt completed her graduation with a Bachelor of Science degree and subsequently worked as a teacher. Later, she became a high school principal and then served as superintendent of schools in Mason City, Iowa in 1885, becoming one of the first women to hold such a position.

In 1885, after her first marriage, Carrie started working with her husband on the Mason City Republican newspaper. Upon her husband’s death the following year, she worked for a newspaper in San Francisco for a while.

In 1887, she returned to Iowa and became involved in social activism, joining the Iowa Woman Suffrage Association. For the next three years, she devoted herself to shaping the association and also lectured on woman suffrage, first in Iowa and then nationally.

In 1900, she was elected the president of the ‘National American Woman Suffrage Association’ (NAWSA). During her term, she augmented the size of the association’s membership and also conducted considerable fund-raising.

In 1904, she was forced to resign from her post due to her second husband's ill health but after his death in 1905, Carrie returned to social service and subsequently became involved with the ‘International Woman Suffrage Alliance’.

From 1905 to 1915, Carrie re-organized the NAWSA along political-district lines and trained women to indulge in direct political action. In 1915, she again became its president and devised a secret “winning plan” for women empowerment.

In 1915, she became the head of the National American Woman Suffrage Association and put into effect a “Winning Plan” which resulted in the passing of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920, granting women the right to vote.

Along with being a key figure in the passing of the constitutional amendment, Carrie served as president of the ‘National American Woman Suffrage Association’, and also established the ‘League of Women Voters’ and the ‘International Alliance of Women’.